About Fail2ban Failed Running On Fresh Debian 12

Background I switched server OS from Uuntu 24.04 to Debian 12 bookworm. After updates, among priorities, I installed fail2ban utility to prevent sshd attack. It turned out a failed process.  At the /etc/fail2ban directory, a copy of fail.conf was made fail.local, a traditional practice. Fail2ban showed an error exit code: root@xxxxxxxxx:/etc/fail2ban# systemctl restart fail2banroot@xxxxxxxxx:/etc/fail2ban# systemctl […]

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How to apply for a free wildcard SSL certificate with cloudflare API on Ubuntu

Background 1) plaintext transmission is no longer acceptable. For example, you can not open a website prefixed http.2) Self-signed is not suitable for public demonstration, though 10-year term, and not well recognized by web browsers, too.3) Cyber security should be enhanced is the best practice when you are exposed on the interne. Why wildcard certificates

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